There is a useful command called full_palette which when run will create a reference graph in Stata for many of the named colour choices that Stata offers for graph purposes. Much like the asciiplot graph, you can download and use this command for yourself whenever you need, and this graph page will be here for reference as well.
To create this graph yourself in Stata, you will first need to download the full_palette command from the SSC, using the following command in Stata:
ssc install full_palette
To generate this graph in Stata, use the following commands:
clear
full_palette